രി ഹ് ല: ഹദീസ് ലോകത്തെ അനുഭവാവിഷ്കാരം

ssl-Z-cm-_m-Zpw Z-bq-_-µp-am-bp-Å ]T-\-tI-{µ-§-fpw sse-{_-dn-I-fpw k-µ-À-in-¨ l-Zo-kv Un-]m-À-«v-saân-se ]q-À-h-hn-Zym-À-Yn-I-fp-sSbpw aäpw am-À-K-\n-À-tZ-i-§-tfm-sS 29 hn-Zym-À-Yn-I-f-S-§p-¶ R§fpsS kw-Lw D-kv-Xm-Zv kz-em-lp-±o³ lp-Z-hn-bp-sS t\-Xr-Xz-¯n-Â ssi-Jp-\m, lm-Pn-bm-cp-sS kn-bm-d-Xn-\p tijw 2016 am-À-¨v 5 i-\n-bm-gvN ssh-Io-«v A-©v a-Wn-¡v ]-c-¸-\-§m-Sn \n¶pw F-d-Wmw-Ip-fw \n-km-ap-±o³ {S-bn-\n-se Éo-¸-À s_-À-¯p-I-fn-em-bn bm-{X Xn-cn-¨p. 41 a-Wn-¡q-À t\-cs¯ bm-{X Xn-¦-fm-gv-N D-¨-tbm-sS D-¯-À-{]-tZ-inse -B-{K -I-tâm¬-saâv kv-vtäj\nse-¯n. Xm-Pv-a-lepw sN-t¦m-«bpw I-­v cm-{Xn-tbm-sS Xp-­v-e Pw-Kv-j-\n-Â \n-¶pw ]p-d-s¸-« R-§-fp-sS e£yw 661 In-tem-ao-ä-À A-I-se-bp-Å Zn-Â-Zm-À \-K-À Pw-Kvj\mbn-cp-¶p.

sshIn-tbmSn-b h­n sNm-Æmgv-N a-Kvcn-t_m-sS-bm-Wv Zn-Â-Zm-À \-K-dn-se-¯n-bXv. Km-kn-]q-À Pn-Ã-bn-se Zn-Â-Zm-À \-K-À ap³-kn-¸m-en-än-bn-Â \n¶pw aq-¶v a-Wn-¡q-À h-gn-Zq-c-apÅ Pman-A Aw-P-Zn-¿ cn-fvhn-¿-bn-te-¡p-Å bm-{X Zp-Êm-[y-am-b-Xn-\m-Â X-s¶ kv-tä-j-\n-Â \n¶pw ]-cn-N-b-s¸-« au-em-\m l-½m-Zv km-ln-_n-sâ £-W-{]-Imcw c-­v In-tem-ao-ä-dp-I-Ä-¡-¸p-d-ap-Å lp-ssk-\m-_m-Zn-se Pm-an-A A-d-_n¿ a-Jv-k-\p-Â D-eq-an-Â cm-{Xn-bp-d-§n. 1961 Â A-kvA-Zv aZ-\n X-d-¡-Ãn-«v {]-h-À-¯-\-am-cw-`n-¨ C-hn-sS kw-Øm-\-¯n-\p ]p-d-¯p-\n-¶S¡w 250 m-fw hn-Zym-À-°n-I-Ä ]Tn-¡p-¶p. K-h¬-saâv B-\p-Iq-ey-§-Ä \n-jn-²-am-bn-¡m-Wp¶ C-hn-sS ln-^v-fzm-Wv {]-[m-\-w. Z-bq-_-µn-I-fm-sW-¦n-epw hf-sc am-\y-am-b A-h-cp-sS B-Xn-Yyw lTm-Zm-I-À-jn-¡p-¶-Xm-bn-cp¶p.

Pman-A Aw-P-Zn-¿ cn-kvhn-¿, tKmkn

09. 03. 16 _p-[³ cm-hn-se tem-¡- {S-bn-³ h-gn Km-kn-]q-cn-te-¡pw H-¶-c-a-Wn-¡q-À _-kv bm-{Xbpw sN-bv-Xv aq-¶v aWn-tbm-sS a-Du\-Xv K-RvPv (amD) Pn-Ã-bn-se-¯n. Aw-P-Zn¿, iw-kp- Deqw A-d-_n¡v tIm-tf-Pvv, Z-bq_µn B-ib-s¯ ]n³-Xp-W-¡p-¶-h-cp-sS Zm-dp- Deqw a-Zv-d-k-¯p- ap-l-½-Zn-¿- Xp-S-§n A-\h-[n hn-Zym-`ym-k k-ap-¨-b-§fpw A-Xn-te-sd ]-Ån-I-fp-apÅ ap-Énw N-e-\-§-Ä k-Po-ham-b tKm-kn-bn-se Pman-A Aw-P-Zn-¿ cnkv-hn-¿ Øm-]n-X-ambXv 1983em-Wv. cn-lvv-e C-hn-sS e£y-am-¡n-bn-cp-¶Xv Øm]\ k-µ-À-i-\-hpw ssi-Jp- l-Zo-kv A-Ãmam fn-bm-D- ap-kv-X-^-bp-am-bp-Å Iq-Sn-¡m-gv-¨bpw A-h-cpsS _p-Jm-cn ¢m-kn- ]-s¦-Sp-¡-ep-am-bn-cp-¶p. 40e-[nIw h-À-j-am-bn _p-Jm-cn k-_v-Jv \-S-¯p¶ fn-bm-D- ap-kv-X-^-bp-sS ¢m-kv ZÀ-sk _p-Jm-cn F-¶ t]-cn- A-t±-l-¯n-sâ in-jy³ t{Im-Vo-I-cn-¨n-«v ]p-kv-X-I cq-]-¯n-em-¡n-bn-«p-­vv. kz-Zv-dp-È-co-A F-¶-dn-b-s¸-Sp¶ fn-bm-D- ap-kv-X-^-bp-sS ]n-Xm-hpw A-Av-em-l-kv-d-Xn-sâ in-jy-\p-amb AwP-Zv A-en (1296þ1367/1878-þ1948 sk]vXw-_À 2-)bp-sS Y-co-J-Xn-sâ C-Pmk-Xv \-Â-Ip-¶-tXm-sS-bm-Wv AwP-Zn F-¶-Xn-te-¡v tN-À-¯n-¸-d-bp-¶-Xv. l\-^o a-Zv-l-_n-se kp-{]-[m-\ {K-Ùam-b _-lm-sd i-co-A-bp-sS c-N-bn-Xm-hm-b A-t±lw Øm-]-\-¯n-sâ ap-ä-¯mWv A-´y-hn-{i-aw sIm-Åp-¶-Xv. H-¶mw \n-e-bn- Jp-À-B³ ]Tn-Xm-¡-Ä-¡pw c-­mw \n-e-bn- kn-bm-d-Xn-\p h-cp-¶-h-À-¡p-am-bn ku-I-cyw sNbv-X a-t\m-l-camb a-km-dn-sâ ap-¼n- Øm-]n-¨n-cp-¡p¶ t_m-À-Un- A-t±l-s¯ ]-cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯p¶-Xv X-s¶ ap-k-¶n-^v _-lm-sd i-co-A au-em\m AwP-Zv A-en F-¶m-Wv. l\-^n a-Zv-l-_-\p-k-cn¨v ap-^v-Xo tIm-gv-kv sN-¿p-¶ G-sXmcp hn-Zym-À-°n-¡pw Cu hn-e-s¸« {K-Ùw ]mTy-]-²-Xn-bn-ep-­-t{X.

Aw-P-Zn-¿-bn- H-cp hÀj ^-fzoeXv tIm-gv-kn-\v ]Tn-¡p¶ a-e-bm-fn hn-Zym-À-°n-I-fm-Wv R-§-sf kzo-I-cn-¨-Xv. 10 hn-Zym-À-Yn-Ifpw {]m-Øm-\n-Iam-b hy-Xym-k-§-Ä am-än-sh-¨v R-§Ä-¡v B-Zn-Xy-a-cp-fn. AwP-Zv A-en-bp-sS in-jy-\pw _-tdÂ-hn B-i-b-¯n- kz-lo-lp _p-Jm-cn-¡v \p-kvl-¯v A- Jm-cn F-¶ H¼-Xv hm-fy-§-fn-embn D-À-Zp-hn- hym-Jym-\-sa-gpXnb ap-l-±n-kp au-em-\m ap-l-½-Zv i-co-^p- l-Jv kzm-ln-s_ Aw-P-Zn (1340þ1421/1921þ2000) bp-sS tKm-kn-bn X-s¶-bpÅ a-km-À kn-bm-d-Xn-\v ti-jw C-t±-l-¯n-sâ aq-¯-a-I-\pw bq-\m-\n ^n-kn-jy-\p-am-b tUm. ap-ln-ºp- l-Jp-am-bn A-Sp-¯p-Å ]-Ån-bn- sh-¨v Iq-Sn-¡m-gv-¨ \S¯n. a-\p-jy-sâ Nm-{µ-bm-{X-bp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-«-X-S-¡-apÅ ]n-Xm-hn-sâ c-N-\-Ifpw l-\-^o a-Z-l-_n- ]n-Xm-hn-sâ 12 `m-K-§-fnep-Å H-cp e-£-t¯m-fw ^-X-v-h-I-fpsS k-am-lm-c {K-Ôam-b ^-Xmh-sb im-cn-lv _p-Jm-cn-bpw A-t±-lw ]-cn-N-b-s¸-Sp¯n. In-Mv ss^-k- A-hm-À-Uv tP-Xm-hv Iq-Snbm-b ap-l½Zv i-co-^p- lJv Z-bq-_-µn _-td-Â-hn A-`n-{]m-b `n-¶-X-sf kw-_-Ôn-¨v a-säm-cp {K-Ùw Iq-Sn c-Nn-¨n-«p-­v. Pman-A A-jv-d-^n-¿-bn- ap-Z-cn-Êm-bn-cp-¶ C-t±-l-¯n\v A-Jo-Zx-bnepw X-k-Æp-^n-epw {K-Ù-§-fp-­v. a-e-bm-fn hn-Zym-À-°n-I-Ä ]-dª-Xv {]-Im-cw A-t±-l-¯n-sâ I-¿n-ep-Å i-Av-sd ap-_m-d-¡n-s\ ]-än tNm-Zn-¨-bp-Ss\ R§-sf ho-«n-te-¡v £-Wn-¡p-Ibpw ]-c-¼-cm-K-X-am-bn ssI-am-dn-t¸m-¶ sN-dn-sb-cp Nn-Ãn³-Iq-«n- kq-£n-¨v h-¨ B ap-Sn \m-cv R§-sf au-en-Zn-sâ A-I-¼Sn-tbmsS Im-Wn-¡p-I-bpw k-Â-¡-cn-¡m\pw A-t±-lw a-d-¶n-Ã.

Úm-\n-I-fpw ]-À-± [-cn¨v ]p-d-¯n-d-§p-¶-h-cp-am-b a-ln-f-I-Ä C-hn-S-s¯ Iu-Xp-I-am-bn-cp-¶p. kv-{Xo-hn-Zym-`ym-k kw-cw-`-§-Ä Iq-Sp-X-ep-Å C-hnsS -Aw-P-Zn¿¡p Io-gn-epw IpÃn-b _-\m-¯v A-ÂAw-P-Zn-¿ F-¶ t]-cn- H-cp {]apJ h-\n-Xm tIm-tfPv {]-h-À-¯n-¡p-¶p­v. aXØm-]-\-§-fpw Hm-tcm ho-Sp-I-fnepw \n-À_-Ôw t]m-se Im-Wp-¶ Hcp ]-Þn-X-\pw ]-Þn-X-bpw lm-^n-fzp-I-fpw C-hn-sS-s¯ {]tXy-I B-I-À-j-I-§-fmWv. 90% i-X-am-\hpw ap-Énw-I-Ä Xm-a-kn-¡p-¶ {Km-a-am-b tKm-knbn- `q-cn-`mKhpw _-tdÂ-hn B-ib-s¯ ]n³-Xp-W-¡p-¶-h-cm-Wv. tKm-kn-bnse _-tdÂ-hn Z-bq_-µn `n-¶n-¸vvv tlm-«-en- `-£-W-¯n-¶m-bn t]m-hpI-sbm A-h-cpsS hm-l-\-¯n- bm-{X-sN-¿p-I-tbm sN-¿m-¯ A{X cq£-am-Wvvv. Z-bq-_-µn D-e-am-¡-Ä k-À-¡m-À ss]-k l-dm-am-sW-¶v ]-d-bp-t¼m-Ä Aw-P-Zn¿ t]m-tem-¯ _-tdÂ-hn Øm-]-\-§-Ä A-\pIq-e \n-e-]m-Sm-Wv kzo-I-cn-¡p¶Xvv C-hn-Sp-s¯ au-em-\-am-cp-sS ap-X- G-gp-e£w h-sc-bp-Å {]-XnhÀj i-¼-f-¯n-\p-Å {Km³-Uv A-\p-h-Zn-¡p-¶Xvv k-À-¡m-cm-Wv. C-hn-Sp-s¯ Jm-fnbpw ssi-Jp- l-Zo-kpamb au-em\m fn-bm-D- ap-kv-X-^- X-s¶-bm-Wv Pman-A Aw-P-Zn-¿ cn-fvhn-¿-bp-sS Øm-]-I-\pw. Pm-an-A A-jv-d^n-¿ ap-_m-d-¡vv-]q-cn- ]-Xn-äm-­p-X-tfmfw tkh-\w sNbvX C-t±-lw t^mt«m l-dm-amWv, {S-bn-\n- \n-¶v \n-kv-I-cn¨-Xv a-d-¡-Ww, Pp-ap-A Jp-Xzv_-¡v ssa-¡v D-]-tbm-Kn-¡-cp-Xv XpS§n a-kv-A-em ]-c-am-b `n-¶XI-sf Xp-SÀ¶v kz-tZ-i-¯v ]n-Xm-hn-sâ kv-a-c-WmÀ°w Aw-P-Zn-¿ Øm-]n-¡p-Ibpw sN-bvXp. km-cn s\-bv-¯p-b-{´-§-Ä an-¡-ho-Sp-I-fn-ep-ap-­m-bn-cp-s¶-¦nepw k-À-¡m-À hI ssh-ZypXn Cu tZ-i-s¯m-s¡ cm-hn-se-bpw ssh-Io-«pw 5 a-Wn ap-X- 3 a-Wn h-sc am-{X-sa D-­m-hp-I-bp-Åq. B-gv-N-bnse s]m-Xp A-h-[n-bm-bn A-h-cw-Ko-I-cn-¨ B _p-[-\m-gvN cm-{Xn h-cm-W-kn-bn- \n-¶v a-S-§n-sb¯nb au-em\m fn-bm-D- ap-kv-X-^-bp-Iq-Sn-¡m-gv-¨-¡v Jm-Zn-ap-am-bn kw-km-cn-¨p-d-¸n-¨m-Wv In-S-¶p-d-§n-bXv.

10.03.16 hym-gw cm-hn-se Øm-]-\ \m-fzn-apw aq-¯-a-I-\pam-b A-em-D-Â ap-kv-X-^-bp-am-bn kw-km-cn-¡p-Ibpw  au-em-\m fn-bm-D-Â ap-Ø-^-sb ho-«n-Â sN-¶v I­p. ]n-Xm-hv au-em-\m AwP-Zv A-en Xm-a-kn-¨n-cp-¶ X-d-hm-«n-em-Wv C-t±-lhpw Xm-a-kn-¨v h-cp-¶-Xv. h-\n-Xm tIm-sf-Pn-se A-[ym]-\w I-gnªv A-[n-Iw ssh-Im-sX A-t±-lw h-cn-I-bpw R§-sf ho-«n-\-t¯-¡v £-Wn-¡p-Ibpw sN-bvXp. hm-À[-Iy k-l-P-am-b _p-²n-ap-«p-I-Ä D-­m-bn-«v t]mepw A-t±-lw X-s¶-bm-Wv k-Â-I-cn-¨Xpw kzo-I-cn-¨n-cp-¯n-b-Xpw. ap-^v-Xn-sb A-Av-fz-sa ln-µv Xm-Pp-Èco-A A-Jv-X-À d-km A-kv-l-cn-bp-sS \mC-_v Jm-knbpw A-Jn-te-´ym Pw-C-¿-Xp-Â D-e-a-bp-sS A-²y-£-\p-am-b A-h-cp-sS A-Sp¯pw Xn-cp-tI-i-ap-s­-¶v ]n-¶o-S-dn-bm³ km-[n¨p. tI-c-f-¡mcm-Wv F-¶-d-nª-t¸m-Ä C-hnsS k-µ-À-in-¨ A-\p`-hw A-t±-lw ]-¦v sh-¨p. _p-Jm-cn-bp-sS C-Pmk-¯v in-jy³-am-Àv-¡v am-{X-ta \-Â-Im-dpf-fp F-¶v ]-dª A-t±-l-¯n-sâ _p-Jm-cn ¢m-kn-Â ]-s¦-Sp-¡m-\p-Å Xm-Â-]cyw A-dn-bn-¡p-I-bpwv A-Xn-\v k½-Xw hm§n Aw-P-Zn-¿bn-te-¡v Xn-cn-¡-¨p. tijw Øm-]-\-¯n-sâ aqZo-dpw A-Ãm-a-bp-sS c-­ma¯ a-I-\pam-b au-em-\m A-emDÂ ap-Ø-^-bp-am-bn ssh-Úm-\n-I N-À-¨-I-Ä \-S¯n. Iq-«-¯n-Â R-§-tfm-tcm-À-¯-À¡pw Aw-P-Zn¿-sb ]-cn-P-b-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶ sN-dn-b ]p-kv-X-I-hpw A-hn-Sp-¶v ]p-d-¯n-d-§p-¶ k-Òm-lobpw l-Zo-kv a-à_n-te-¡v {]-tX-I-am-bn a-äp Nn-e ]p-kv-X-I-§fpw k-½m-\n-¡p-I-bp-­m-bn. l-Zo-kp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-« H-«-t\-Iw ]n Un F-^v tIm-¸n-I-Ä A-hn-sS \n¶pw ssI-¸-äm³ km-[n¨p.

Aw-P-Z-n¿-bn- cm-hnse 08.00 B-cw-`-n¡p-¶ ¢m-kv Iy-Xyw D-¨-bv¡v 01.00 \m-Wv A-h-km-\-n¡p-I. au-em-\m fn-bm-D- ap-Ø-^-bp-sS _p-Jm-cn ¢m-kv 12.45 \v Xp-S-§p-¶-Xn-\- Aw-P-Zn-¿-bn-se Zm-dp- C-^v-XmAv, sse-{_-dn Xp-S-§n-bh k-µ-À-in-¡p-I-bpw A-h ssI-Im-cyw sN-bv-Xp h-cp-¶ au-em-\-am-cp-am-bn kwkm-cn-¡p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.  12.30 HmsS Jm-Zn-an-sâ lo-tdm tlm-­ ]m-j³ ¹-kv ss_-¡n-\v ]n-d-In-en-cp-¶vvv A-Ãma tIm-tf-Pn-te-¡v IS¶ph-¶p. h-f-sc `-hy-X-tb-sS-bm-Wv A-t±-lw ¢m-kv ssI-Im-cyw sN-¿p¶-Xv B-Zy-am-bn F-Sp-¡m-\p-Å ]mT`m-Kw hm-bn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw hm-b-\-bn-se ]n-g-hp-I-Ä Nq-­n-¡m-Wn-¨v A-Xv Xn-cp-¯m\pw A-t±-lw {]-tX-Iw {i-²n-¨p. ssi-Jp-\m sN-dp-tÈ-cn ssk-\p-±o³ ap-Én-bm-cp-sS k-_v-In-t\-Sv sN-dn-b co-Xn-bn-ep-Å km-Zy-iyw A-t±-l-¯n-sâ ¢m-kn-\-\p-`-h-s¸«p. B-g-¯n-ep-Å kw-`-h-§fpw N-À-¨-I-fp-am-Wv A-t±-lw Hm-tcm l-Zo-kn-\v Io-g-ep-am-bn sIm-­v h-¶Xv. ¢m-k-h-km-\-n-¸n-¨-Xn-\v ti-jw Iq-S-X- N-À-¨-IÄ-¡v Xm-Â-]-cy-s]-«n-cp-s¶-¦n-epw ]pd-¯v a-kv-A-e-Äv-¡pw {]iv-\ ]-cn-lm-c-¯n-\p-am-bn Im-¯n-cp-¶-h-cp-sS Iq-«¯n-te-¡v t]m-b A-t±l-s¯ ]n¶oSv kzØ-ambn In«n-bn-Ã.

Pman-A A-jv-d-^n-¿ ap-_m-d-Iv-]qÀ

fp-l-À \-a-kv-Im-c-¯n-\v ti-jw `-I-j-Whpw I-gn-¨v Pman-A A-jv-d-^n-¿ ap-_m-d-Iv-]qcnte-¡v t]m-Im-\m-bn X-¿m-dm-bn \n-¶p. 03.00 a-Wn-¡v t]m-Im-\p-Å c-­v F-bv-kv h-­nIÄ ku-I-cy-s¸-Sp-I-bpw tKm-kn-tbm-Sv bm-{X ]d-ªv A-Av-kwL-«v Pn-Ã-bn-se ap-_m-dIv]q-cn-te-¡v Xn-cn-¡p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. C-hn-sS \n-¶pw 100e-[n-Iw In-tem-ao-ä-dp-I-fI-se {`m-´-·m-À-s¡-Ãmw kp-J-s¸-Sp-sa-¶v ]-co-£n-¨-dn-ª In-¨u-¨v F-¶ Øe-¯v ad-hv sN-¿-s¸-« l-{k-¯v A-ivd-^v knw-\m-\o F-¶-hcn-te-¡v tN-À-¯m-Wv A-iv-d-^n-¿ F-¶-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. Øm-]-I-\pw kz-Zv-dp-È-co-A-bp-sS in-jy-\pam-b lm-^n-fzp- anÃ-¯v A-Ðp- A-ko-kv F-¶-h-cp-sS D-dq-kv {]-am-Wn-¨v A-hn-sS Iq-Sp-X-sem¶pw sN-¿m-\m-bn-Ã. hn-im-eam-b Im-¼-kpw sse-{_-dn ku-I-cy-§fpw X-J-Êp-kzp-I-fp-am-bn H-cp D-¶-X C-Éman-I k-À-h-I-em-im-e-bp-sS {]u-Un tXm-¶n-¨ C-hnS-s¯ h-¼n-¨ D-dq-kv ]-cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw H-cp th-dn-« A-\p-`-h-ambn. A-Sp-¯p-Å k-Xym-thm³ sd-bnÂ-th kv-tä-j-\n- \n¶pw cm-{Xn 10. 30 Hm-sS e-Iv-\u-hn-te-¡p-Å {S-bn-\n- R-§-Ä I-b-dn-¸än.

Zm-dp-Â Depw A-¯m_n-A en \-Zvh-Xn-Â D-e-am, e-Iv\u

sh-Ån-bmgv-N cm-hnse H¼-X-c-tbm-sS Ad_v kmln-Xy-¯nsâ hos­-Sp-¸n-\mbn Øm]n-X-amb hniy-hn-JymX tI{²-amb Zm-dp- Depw A-¯m_n-A en \-Zvh-Xn- D-eam Im¼-kn-se-¯n.  sd-bnÂ-sh kv-tä-j³ sXm-«v Iq-sS-bp-­m-bn-cp¶ Zm-dp- lp-Zm hn-Zym-À-Yn-bm-bn-cp-¶ ap-¡w A-À-iZv, \-´n Zm-dp-Êemw ]q-À-h-hn-ZymÀ-Yn Pm-kn-À Zm-cn-an F-¶n-h-À-s¡m¸w . AÂ] hn{i-a-¯n\v tijw R-§Ä Im¼kv ImWm-\n-d-§n. sImtfm-fn-bÂh-XvI-c-W-¯nsâ ]cn-WnX ^e-sa-t¶mfw Ad_v kmln-Xys¯ {Kkn¨ hn]Xv Ne-\-§Äs¡-Xnsc bpÅ ]ÞnX Iq«-am-bn-cp¶p \Zvh. {]uVn hnfn-t¨m-Xp¶ \hm-_p-am-cpsS \K-c-¯n Xe-sb-Sp-t¸msS \ne-sImÅp¶ sI«n-S-§-fnepw Cu Kmw`o-cy-ap-­v. \qäm-­p-I-tfmfw Úm\w ]IÀ¶ kvs]bv³ Xoc-§-fnse sImÀtZm-h-bmWv \Zvhbn-eqsS shfn¨w Is­-sX¶v Ncn{Xw ]d-bp-¶p. X^vko-dpw lZokpw ]mTy-hn-j-b-§-fm-sW-¦nepw AZ-_p Ad-_n-bpsS {]IS kzm[o-\-§Ä \ZvhbpsS {]-tXyI-X-bm-Wv. 1893  Im¬]q-cn sh¨v \S¶ tbmKamWv \-Zvv hbpsS cq]o-I-c-W-¯n\v hgn-sh-¨-Xv, Aeo-KVpw Zbq-_µpw Xpd¶pw hn« hmZ-§Ä¡n-Sn-bse a[ya ]me-am-bn-cp¶p \Zv-h. A-ao-\m-_m-Zn-se ]p-g-¡-c-bn- cq-]w sIm-­ Cu a-lm-Zu-Xyw ku-I-cy-s¸-« C-S-t¯-¡v ]-dn-¨p \-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp¶p. kz-tZ-in-Ifpw hn-tZ-in-I-fp-am-bn C-¶v A-\h-[n t]À 4 h-Àj-s¯ km-\-hn-¿, 2 h-Àj-s¯ ^-fzo-e, H-cp h-Àj-s¯ A- ^n-Iv-dp- C-kvem-an tIm-gv-kp-I-fn ]Tn-Xm-¡-fm-bp­v.

\Zvh ]I-cp¶ Úmt\mÀP-hp-ambn F¬]-Xn-\m-bn-c-¯n-e-[nIw hcp¶ {KÙ-§-fpÅ {]hn-ime sse{_-dn-bpepw Hmtcm hn`m-K-¯n\pw {]t¯Iw X¿mÀ sNbvX sse{_-dnbpw Ib-dn-bn-d§n, hmb-\-bn apgp-Inb hnZym-cvYn-¡q-«-§Ä R§Ä¡v Bthiw ]IÀ¶p. AÃmam in-_v en \pAvam\n, A_p lkv³ Aen \Zvhn, kqsse-am³ \Zvhn XpS§n \-Zv h¡v Icp¯v ]IÀ¶ t\Xm-¡-fpsS t]cn-epÅ ku[-§Ä \-Zv h BÀPn-s¨-Sp¯ Úm\ hnk-a-b-tem-I-t¯-¡pÅ IhmSw IqSn-bm-bn-cp-¶p.

\hym-\p-`pXntbmsS \ZvhbpsS temI-s¯¡v Imse-Sp-¯p-sh¨v R§Ä¡v Iq«n-\v ap-¸-¯-©n-e-[n-I-apÅ ae-bmfn hn-Zy-mÀYn kam-P-¯nsâ kPoh Iq«p-Im-cp-­m-bn-cp-¶p. \ZvhpbpsS Úm\ {]k-c-Whpw {]km-[-\hpw sXm«-dnª R§Ä¡v Ch-cpsS amÀK \nÀtZ-i-§Ä hsfsc D]-Im-c-{]-Z-am-bn-cp-¶p. tIc-fob `£Wsamcp¡n R§sf Im¯n-cp¶ ae-bmfn kplr-¯p-¡Ä \ZvhbpsS kvt\lw ]I-cp-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. A¨-S-¡-¯nepw kwkvIm-c-¯nepw Hcp-]Sn ap¶n \n¡p-¶-Xn-\m hntZi ]cn-K-W-\bmWv a-e-bmfn hn-ZymÀYn-I-Ä-¡v e`n-¡p-¶-sX-¶v R-§-Ä A-\p-`-hn-¨-dnªp.

 Ppap-A \n-kv-Im-c-¯n-\v \n-d-ªv I-hn-ª hen-b a-kv-Pn-Zn- au-em\m ^Àam³ \Zzn-bpsS AXyp-Pze DÀZp Xd-{]-kw-K-¯n\v tijw \Zzn-hn-bn \n¶v ]pd-¯n-d-§p¶ A _Avkp CÉm-an-bpsS FUnäÀ IqSn-bmb kCu-Zp AAvfan-bp-sS Kw`oc JpXp-_bpw R§Ä {i-hn¨p. {]km-[-\-¯n-sâ henb -tem-I-am-bn- \-Zv-h-bn Ad-_n-bnepw Ddp-Zp-hnepw Cw¥o-jnepw ]pd-¯n-d-§p¶ amK-kn-\p-I-fpw A-h sN-ep-¯p¶ kPoh Ne-\-§-fp-s­¶v R-§-sf G-sd A-¼-c-¸n-¨p. \-Zvh-bp-sS D-À-Zp-hn-epw A-d-_n-bn-ep-am-bp-Å an-I-¨ ]-e {K-Ô-§-fS-¡w ]-Xn-\m-bn-c-t¯m-fw cq-]-bp-sS ]p-kv-X-I-§-Ä R-§-f-hn-sS \n¶pw hm-§n Un-]m-À-«v-saâv sse-{_-dn-bn-te-¡v sIm-dn-b-dm-bn A-b-¨p. A-Sp-¯p X-s¶-bp-Å in-Cu-I-fp-sS `q-Â-`p-e¿ tIm-«bpw ]-Ånbpw am-bm-h-Xn-bp-sS B-\-¸m-À¡pw R-§-Ä Im-Wm³ ka-bw I-s­¯n.

XÀ¡-§-fn \n¶-I¶pw Atem-kcw krjvSn-¡p¶ NÀ¨-I-tfm-gn-hm-¡nbpw \Zvh kÀh-scbpw kzmKXw sNbvXp. F-Ãm-h-scbpw Xpd¶ a\-tÊmsS kzoI-cn-¡p¶ \Zvhbn R§-fp-sS bm{X ]qÀW hnP-b-am-bn-cp-¶p. apkvenw t]gvk-\ t_mÀUnsâ A[y-£³ IqSn-bmb dm_n-Av lk³ \ZvhnbpsS km\n-[yhpw \Zvh¡v {]uVn ]I-cp-¶p. cmjv{Sob t\Xm-¡fpw hntZi ]Þn-X-cp-sSbpw tI{µamb At±-l-¯nsâ tNw-_-dn- Xn-c-s¡m-gn-ª k-a-b-ap-­m-bn-cp-¶nÃ. D¨¡v tij-w R-§-Ä-¡v ^Àam³ \Zvhnbp-sS sNdp `m-j-W-¯n \Zvhsbbpw Øm]-I-scbpw ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯nb At±lw kod¯p \_n-bpsS hnhn[ Xe-§-sfbpw kv]Àin-¨p. At±lw Xs¶ t{ImUo-I-cn¨ a¡ Camw Kman-Zn-bpsS PpapA `mj-W-§Ä R§Ä¡v k½m-\n¨p, t\¸m-fp-Im-c-\mb Ct±lw Ad_n `mj-bn hyÂ]¯n t\Sn Ct¸mÄ \Zvhbn A[ym-]-I-\mbn tPmen sN¿p-¶p. ip² Ad-_n-bpsS hN-\m-{]-hmlw R§sf AÛp-X-s¸-Sp-¯n. hnÚm\w hn\-bm-\zn-X-cm-¡nb Hcp ]äw De-am-hr-µs¯ R-§Ä-¡-hnsS ZÀin-¡m³ km[n-¨p. `SvI-en \n¶pÅ kemw \Zvhn, au-em-\m \-Zo-À AÒZv \Zvhn XpS-§nb Ad_v kmlnXyw sXm«-dnª \Zvho ]Þn-X-cpambn kwh-Zn-¡m\pw km[n-¨p. \-Zz hn-Zym-À-Yn-IfpsS Bthi Xmc-I-sa¶ PmknÀ Zmcnan ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯nb kÂam³ \ZvhnbpsS lZokv ¢mkn ]s¦-Sp-¯v kw-i-b-\n-hm-c-W-§-Ä-¡pw k-t\-l-kw-`m-j-W-¯n- sXfn-hp-IÄ¡pw {]am-W-§Ä¡pw ap³K-W\ \ÂI-W-sa¶pw AXn-i-tbmàn IeÀ¶ hnizm-k-§sf Ah-K-Wn-¡-W-sa¶pw At±-l-w ]d-bp-I-bp-­m-bn. cm{Xn-bn ae-bmfn hnZym-cvYn-IÄ kwL-Sn-¸n¨ skj³ AXn-Kw-`o-c-am-bn-cp-¶p. AhÀ Hcp-¡nb skj-\n kzem-lp-±o³ DkvXmZv cnlvesb-¡p-dn¨pw Zmdp lpZ-sb-¡p-dn¨pw kwkm-cn-¨p. Zmdp lpZ-sb XnIª {]Xo-£-tbmsS Im¯n-cp-¡p¶ \Zvh kplr-¯p-IÄ ho­pw hc-W-sa¶ £W-t¯msS R§sf i-\n-bmgvN cm{Xn H-cp a-Wn¡v bm{X-bm-¡p-t¼mgpw eI\u sd-bn-Â-th kv-tä-j-\n- IqsS a-e-bm-fn hn-Zym-À-°n-I-fp-­m-bn-cp-¶p.

C-Zm-td i-co-A, kp-Â-Ym³K©v

Rm-b-dm-gv-N A-©v a-Wn¡v lm-Pn-]q-À kv-tä-j-\n- \n¶pw G-gp In-tem-ao-ä-À \o-f-aq-Å a-lm-ßm-Km-Ôn {_n-Uv-Pn-eq-sS Hm-t«m-amÀ-Kw Jp-Zm-_-Iv-iv sse-{_-dn-¡p-ap-¼n-se¯n. k-ao-]-¯p-Å P-am-A-Xn-sâ ]-Ån-bn- ku-I-cy-a-dn-bn-¨n-cp-¶p-sh-¦nepw Aw-P-Zn-¿-bn- \n-¶v t^m¬h-gn _-Ô-s¸-«-X-\p-k-cn-¨v ]äv-\ C-Zm-td i-co-A-bn- \n-¶pw ap-Zo-dn-sâ a-I-\pw ap-^v-Xn tIm-gv-kv hn-Zym-À-°n-bpw R§-sf tX-Sn-h-¶-Xn-\m- A-hn-S-s¯ Np-cp§n-b ku-I-cy-§-fn- R-§-sfm-cp cm{Xn I-gn-¨p Iq«n. cm-hn-se ]-¯v a-Wn-¡v tUm. AwP-Zv d-km-bp-sS B-`n-ap-Jy-¯n- kw-L-Sn-¸n¨ s]m-Xp-tbm-K-¯n- _-lq-`m-jm \-Av-Xp-Ifpw tI-c-f-¯n-se C-Éman-I A-´-co-£hpw hn-i-Ie-\w sN-bvXp. Im-´-]p-cw ap-Éym-tcm-Sv {]-Xn_-²-X Im«n-b A-bm-tfm-Sv kw-L-S-\m-]-c-am-b `n-¶X-sb Ip-dn-¨pw Zm-dp- lp-Zm-bp-sS tk-h-\§-sf Ip-dn¨pw sX-cy-s¸-Sp¯n. a-à-_v kw-hn-[m-\-t¯m-Sv k-l-k-©m-cw \-S-¯m³ Xm-Â-]-cy-s¸-« A-bm-sf tIm-em-cn d-^o-Jv lp-Z-hn-bp-am-bn _-Ô-¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw Zm-dp- lp-Zm-bn-te-¡v £-Wn-¡p-Ibpw sN-bvXp. AÒ-Zv d-km-Jm-s\ Ip-dn-¨v tUm-Î-d- Xo-kn-kv sNbv-X A-t±-lw A-Xp-kw-_-Ôn-¨ AÂ-]w Ir-Xn-Ifpw kw-Øm-\ K-h¬-saâv t]m-epw ap-Énw hy-àn \n-b-a-¯n- Iq-Snbm-tem-Nn-¡p-¶ C-Zmd-sb i-co-A-bn- \n-¶pw \-Â-I-s¸-« c-­p hm-fy-§-fn-epÅ ^-Xvhm k-am-lm-c-hpw a-äp Nn-e {K-Ô-§fpw R-§Ä-¡v k-½m-\n-¨p. 11 aWn-tbm-sS R-§-Ä D-±n-ã Ø-e-t¯-¡v bm-{X Xn-cn-¨p.

Jp-Zm _-Iv-iv Hm-dn-bâ ]-»n-Iv sse-{_-dn, ]-äv\

_o-lmÀ kw-Øm-\-¯n-sâ X-eØm-\ \-K-cn-bm-b ]-äv-\-bn-se sd-bnÂ-sh kv-tä-j-\n \n-¶v AÂ-]w am-{Xw A-I-se A-tim-Iv cm-Pv-]-Xnem-Wv Jp-Zm _-Iv-iv Hm-dn-bâ ]-»n-Iv sse-{_-dn Øn-Xn sN-¿p-¶-Xv. A-d_n, DÀ-Zp, t]À-jy³, lnµn, kw-kv-Ir-Xw Xp-S-§n-b `m-j-I-fn-em-bn hn-c-fhpw A-aq-eyam-b H-«-\h-[n ssI-sb-gp-¯p-Ir-Xn-IÄ sIm-­v k-¼-¶am-b Cu sse-{_-dn tI-c-f P-\-X- th-­ hn[a-dn-bm-sX t]m-b-Xv G-sd ZuÀ-`m-Ky-I-c-am-Wv. ap-KÄ, A-hYv, C-dm-\n, c-P-]pXv, a-t[y-jy³ s]-bnânw-Kp-I-fp-ta-sd-bp-Å Cu ssh-Úm\n-I Ie-h-d 19 mw \q-äm-­n-sâ A-h-km\-¯n-em-Wv aue-hn Jp-Zm _-Jv-iv Jm-s\-¶ ]p-kv-XI-t{]-an s]m-Xp-P-t\m-]-tbm-K-¯n-\m-bn hn-«p-\Â-In-b-Xv. 1842 Hm-K-kv-äv c-­n-\p P-\n-¨v 1908 Hm-K-kv-äv aq-¶n-\v Nc-aw sNbv-X B alm-tbm-Kn-bp-sS Cu-sbm-cp ssh-Nn-{X-sa¶ t]m-se, kz´-s¯ Xy-Pn-¨v ]q-kv-X-I-§-Ä-¡n-S-bn-se Zn-\-cm-{X-§-fn-eqsS A-t±lw Nn-c-hn-kv-ar-X-\m-bn-¯oÀ¶p. X-sâ ]n-Xmhm-b aue-hn ap-l½-Zv _-Jv-iv Jm³ km-ln-_n \n¶pw A-\-´-c-am-bn e-`n-¨- B-bnc-¯n \m-\q-dn ]-cw ssI-sb-gp-¯p-{]-Xn-IfS¡w \m-em-bn-c-t¯m-fw A-]qÀ-h {KÙfp-am-bn 1891 H-tÎm-_À A-©n\v B-cw-`n-¨ `-Ko-c-Y b-Xv-\-am-Wv C-¶v C-´y-bp-sS Xn-e-I-¡p-dn-bm-bn am-dn-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.  im-lv h-en-bp-Ãm-ln±-lv e-hn D-]-tbm-Kn-¨ _p-Jm-cn, A-kv-J-em-\n C-am-an-sâ kz-´w ssI-¸-S Øn-Xo-I-cn-¡p-¶ In-Xm-_p- A-À-_-Cu³, kz-À-W en-]n-bn-se Jp-À-B³ Xp-S-§n-b- ]p-kv-X-I-§Ä-¡v ]pd-sa hn-jw Xo-­m-¯ `-£-W-¸m-{Xw, \m-Zn-À-jm-bp-sS hm-Ä, ss_-dp³ Jm-sâ ITm-c, ]p-cm-X-\ B-kv-t{Sm-em_v, [q-]v K-Vn Xp-S§n Nn-e N-cn-{X {][m-\ h-kv-Xp-¡-fpw R-§Ä-¡v Im-Wm-\mbn.  1970 ap-X X-s¶ tI-{µ K-h¬-saân-sâ \nÀ-tZ-i-{]-Im-cw _o-lmÀ K-hÀ-WÀ sN-bÀ-am-\m-b H-cp {]-tXy-I `-c-W-kw-hn-[m-\w \n-e-hn h-¶n-cp-s¶-¦n-epw 1989 ]mÀ-en-saâv tZio-b {]m-[m-\y-aÀ-ln-¡p-¶ H-cn-S-am-bn {]-Jym-]n-¡p-I-bpw _-P-äp-I-fn sse-{_-dn-I-Ä-¡m-bn {]-tXy-I Xp-I h-I-bn-cp¯p¶-tXm-sS-bp-am-Wv P-\-{i-² Iq-Sp-X-em-bm-IÀ-jn-¡m-\m-bXv. ]nco-tbm-Un-¡Â-kv `m-K-t¯-¡v am-{X-am-Wv k-µ-À-i-I-À-¡v {]-th-i-\-a-\p-h-Zn-¡-s¸-«n-«p-ÅXv. C-¶v C-cp-]-¯n-\m-em-bn-c-¯n-e-[nIw ssI-sb-gp-¯p-{]-Xn-I-fpw A-Xn- X-s¶ 200Hm-fw F-I-{]-Xn-bp-ap-Å A-]q-À-h-{K-Ù ti-J-c-hpw `-{Zamb tem-¡-dp-I-fn- C-c-« Nm-hn kp-c-£n-X-Xz-¯n- kq-£n-¡-s¸-«v ap³-Iq-À A-t¸m-bnâv-sa-tâm-Sv Iq-Sn am-{Xsa Im-Wm-\mIq. km-In-À lp-ssk³ F-¶ \-Zvh-n (1982) A-hnS-s¯ D-tZym-K-س R§-sf G-sd k-lm-bn-¡p-I-bpw Jp-Zm-_-Iv-in-sâ {]-km[-\ C-X-c I-À-a-]-²-Xn-Ifpw tI-{µ k-À-¡m-À Cu-bn-\-¯n- \-Â-Ip-¶ {KmâpI-sf Ip-dn-¨pw ]-cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw C-´y-¡m-tc-¡mÄ hn-tZ-in-I-fm-Wn-Xv B-t]-£n-I-am-bn Iq-Sp-Xep-]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-sX-¶ B-h-em-Xnbpw ]-¦p-sh-¨p. am-\p-kv-{In-]v-äp-I-sf kw-c-£n-¡p-I-bpw A-tXm-S-\p-_-Ôn-¨ t{]m-{Km-ap-I-Ä kw-L-Sn-¸n-¡-W-sa-¶pw A-Xn- Ah-sc \n-À-_-Ô-ambpw £-Wn-¡-W-sa-¶p-Iq-sS A-t±-lw B-h-iy-s¸«p.

Zm-dp-Â lq-Zm- Hm-^v Im-¼-kv, _o-À`qw

sNm-Æmgv-N A©-c-tbm-sS R-§-Ä _-À-Z-am³ Pw-Kv-j-\n- \n¶pw ap-dm-dm-bn-te-¡v ]p-d-s¸-Sp¶ tem-¡- {S-bn-\n- 90 cq]-¡v Sn-¡-sä-Sp-¯p. 9:50 \v kv-tä-j-\n- \m-^n lpZ-hnbpw A³-h-À lp-Z-hnbpw A-hnsS h-¶n-cp-¶p. c-­v F-bv-kv h-­n-I-fn- R-§-Ä 11 a-Wn-¡v ap-¼m-bn _o-À-`q-anse Zm-dp- lq-Zm- Hm-^v Im-¼-kn-se¯n. \m-iv-Xbpw dn-{^-jv-saâvpw I-gn-ªv Øm]-\w Np-än-¡-­p. D-¨-¡v {]-tXy-Iw X-bm-dm¡nb _n-cn-bm-Wnbpw I-gn-¨v R-§-Ä So-ap-I-fm-bn hnhn-[ ¢m-kv dq-ap-I-fn- kw-_-Ôn-¨p. A-hkm-\ ]n-cnb-Uv Xo-cp-thm-fw D-]-tZ-i \n-À-tZ-i-§-fpw tam-«n-th-j³ Sn-]v-kp-I-fp-am-bn \-S-¶ sk-j-\n- A-h-cp-sS an-Ihpw D-bÀ¶ ]T-\ \n-e-hm-chpw t\-cn- I-­v a-\-Ên-em-¡m³ km-[n-¨p. A-k-À \n-kv-Im-cm-\´-cw A-hnS-s¯ D-kv-Xm-Zp-am-cp-sS H-¸w ]-cn-k-c {]-tZ-i-§-Ä Im-Wm-\n-d§n. ap³-In-À lq-ssk³ km-ln-_n-sâ hoSpw k-ao]-s¯ a-à_pw ]-Ån-bpw \-gv-k-dn-bpw km-aq-ly-co-Xn-Ifpw Np-än-¡m-Wp-Ibpw tIm-sf-Pv hn-Zym-À-°n-I-fp-sS km-bm-Ó I-fn-bn- `m-K-hm-¡m-hp-Ibpw sN-bvXp. a-Kvcn-_v I-gn-ªv kzo-I-c-W-tbm-K-¯n- ap-gp-h³ hn-Zym-À-°n-Ifpw D-kv-Xm-Zp-am-cp-ap-Å k-Z-Ên- cn-lve-sb Ip-dn¨pw ssi-Jp-\m-sb Ip-dn¨pw Zm-dp- lq-Zm X-cp-¶ A-h-k-c§-sf Ip-dn¨pw R-§-Ä kw-km-cn¨p. A-h-cp-sS kwL-S-\ an-kzv-_m-ln-sâ B-`n-ap-Jy-¯n- \-S-¯-s¸-Sp-¶ A- bJv-Z D-WÀ-¯p t{]m-{Km-ap-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-« D-]tZ-i \n-À-tZ-i-§fpw ssI-amdn. kn±o-Jp AIv_À lpZ-hnbpw \m^n-A lpZ-hnbpw Zmdp lpZmbpsS _wKfnse {]hÀ¯-\-§-sf-Ip-dn¨pw hnZymÀYn \ne-hm-c-s¯-¡p-dn¨pw NÀ¨ sNbvXp.

\m-j\Â sse-{_-dn, IÂ-I-¯

1836  Øm-]n-X-am-b IÂ-I-¯ sse-{_-dn 1990 I-tfm-sS Cw-]o-cn-b sse-{_-dn F-¶-dn-b-s¸-Sp-I-bpw 1903 P-\p-h-cn 30 \p tI-gv-k¬ {]-`p-hn-sâ {]-Jym-]-\-t¯m-sS s]m-Xp-sse-{_-dn-bm-bn A-dn-b-s¸-«p Xp-S-§n. kzm-X-{´ym-\-´-cw 1948 se {]-tXy-I \n-b-a-{]-Im-cw tZ-io-b ]Z-hn e-`n-¨ IÂ-I-¯ \m-j-W sse-{_-dn 1953 s^-{_ph-cn H¶mw Xob-Xn au-em-\m A-_p I-emw B-km-Zv 30 G-¡À hn-kv-Xr-Xn-bp-Å C¶-s¯ s_Â-hn-tZÀ {]-hn-iy-bn Hu-Zym-Kn-I-am-bn Xpd-¶p sIm-Sp-¯p. _-lp\n-e k-ap-¨-b-§-fn-em-bn tI-{µ kmw-kv-Imcn-I a-{´m-e-b-¯n-\p Io-gn C¶v {]-hÀ-¯n-¨p-h-cp-¶ sse-{_-dn-bn- C-cp-]¯-©v e-£-¯n ]-cw ]p-kv-X-I-§fpw A-¿m-bn-c-t¯m-fw ssI-sb-gp-¯p-Ir-Xn-Ifpw C-X-c N-cn-{X-tc-JIÄ, ]p-cm-X-\ ti-jn-¸p-IÄ F-¶n-h kq-£n-¨n-cn-¡p¶p. \n-b-a-{]-Im-cw C-´y-bn {]-kn-²o-I-cn-¡-¸-Sp-¶ G-Xp-{K-Ùhpw H-cp ]-IÀ-¸v C-hn-sS-sb-¯n-t¡-­-Xp-­v. ]{Xam-K-kn\pIÄ, B-\p-Im-en-I- {]-kn-²o-I-c-W§Ä, tP-W-ep-IÄ, Un-Pn-ä-sse-kvUv C-e-{În-¡Â sd-t¸m-kn-ä-dn, `n-¶-`m-jm Ir-XnIÄ, ]p-cm-h-kv-Xp-¡Ä F-¶n-h-s¡sÃmw hy-h-Øm]n-X kw-hn-[m-\-§-fp-Å Cu sse-{_-dn-bn G-Xp C-´y³ ]u-c-\pw Aw-K-Xz-sa-Sp-¡mw. Xp-ey-am-Ip-¶ H-cp kw-Jy Un-t¸m-kn-äv sN-bv-X tijw c-­m-gv-N-t¯-¡v ]p-kvX-Iw Cjyq sN-¿m-sa-¦n-epw Xp-SÀ¶v ssh-Ip-¶ Hmtcm Zn-\-¯n-\pw 20 ss]-k hoXw ss^³ Cu-Sm-¡p-¶-XmWv. dn-]-»n-Iv Zn-\w, kzm-X-{´y Zn-\w, Km-Ôn Pb-´n F-¶n-h-bÃm-¯ ap-gp-h³ Zn-h-k-§-fnepw cm-hn-se 9 a-Wn ap-X ssh-Io-«v 8 a-Wn h-sc {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶p. 18 h-b-kn-\v Xm-sg {]m-b-ap-Å-hÀ-¡v C-Xnsâ NnÂ-{U³-kv sse-{_-dn-tb D-]-tbm-Kn-¡m-\m-hq. ap-¼v sIm-«m-c-am-bn-cp-¶ C-Xn-sâ {]-[m-\ _nÂ-Un-Mv A-ä-Ip-ä ]-Wn-IÄ \-S-¡p-¶-Xn-\m 5 \n-e-I-fn-em-bn io-Xo-I-cn-¨ `m-jm-`-h³ F-¶ t]-cn-se sI-«n-S-¯n-em-Wv 2003 ap-X sse-{_-dn-bn-se ap-Jy-IÀ-a-§Ä. www.nlindia.org, www.nationallibray.gov.in F-¶o ssk-äp-I-fn-eq-sS \m-j-W sse-{_-dn-bp-sS tk-h-\-§-Ä A-Sp¯dn-bm³ km-[n-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv. Zm-dp- lp-Zm ap³ sse-t{_-dn-b³ lmjnw I-Ãp-§- k-À eo-hn-emb-Xp sIm-­v X-s¶ DÀ-Zp sk-£-\n-ep-­m-bn-cp-¶ C-kv dm-À Jm-\p-am-bn \-½p-sS {]-kn-²o-I-c-W§-sf Ip-dn¨pw aäpw hn-h-cn¨p. Zm-dp- lp-Zm-bn- h-cm³ Xm-Â-]-cy-s¸-« A-t±-lw sse-{_-dn-bp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-« t{]m-{Km-apI-sf Ip-dn-¨-dn-bn-¡m³ Iq-sS-bm-h-iy-s¸-«m-Wv R§-sf bm-{X-bm-¡n-bXv.

Gjym-änIv skmsskän Hm^v _wKmÄ

hnIvtSm-dnb ]me-kn\pw CuU³ KmÀU³kn-\p-an-S-bn-e-bmWv Gjym-änIv skmsskän Hm^v _wKmÄ ØnXn sN¿p-¶-Xv. ]s¯m-¼Xmw \qäm­p apX Xs¶ hyh-Øm-]n-X-am-b-co-Xn-bn {]km-[\ taJ-e-bn kvXpXyÀl tkh-\-§Ä \nÀh-ln¨ Øm]\w C³tUm-f-Pn-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸« teJ-\-§fpw aäpw kvs]jy-ssekv sN¿p-¶p.

hym-gm-gv-N D¨ Xncnªv 3.30 Hm-sS km-{´-Im-¨n kv-tä-j-\n- \n-¶pw tIm-gn-t¡m-t«-¡v hn-th-Iv F-Iv-kv-{]-kn H-cp-]n-Sn In-Xm-_p-I-fpw AXn-tesd A-\p-`-h-k¼-¯p-am-bn R-§-Ä Xn-cn-sI bm-{X B-cw-`n¨p.